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This is list of Network Bandwidth Monitoring Tools for Ubuntu Users includes bmon bwbar,bwm,bwm-ng,iftop,iperf,ipfm speedometer,cbm,ibmonitor,pktstat,mactrack,MRTG,Cacti.This tutorial also contains how to install and configure each tool with examples and screenshots.This is very useful for all Linux users and admins

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This is detailed step step debian networking tutorial for Beginners and advanced users.This includes Configuring your network using GUI,Command line,using ifconfig with examples and troubleshooting your network tips.

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1. Free web hosting service: is free, (sometimes) advertisement-supported web hosting, and is extremely limited when compared to paid hosting.
   
2. Shared web hosting service: one's Web site is placed on the same server as many other sites, ranging from a few to hundreds or thousands. Typically, all domains may share a common pool of server resources, such as RAM and the CPU.
   
3. Reseller web hosting: allows clients to become web hosts themselves. Resellers could function, for individual domains, under any combination of these listed types of hosting, depending on who they are affiliated with as a provider.
   
4. Virtual Dedicated Server: slicing up a server into virtual servers. each user feels like they're on their own dedicated server, but they're actually sharing a server with many other users.
   
5. Dedicated hosting service: the user gets his or her own Web server and gains full control over it (root access for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, the user typically does not own the server.
   
6. Colocation web hosting service: similar to the dedicated web hosting service, but the user owns the server; the hosting company provides physical space that the server takes up and takes care of the server. This is the most powerful and expensive type of the web hosting service. In most cases, the colocation provider may provide little to no support directly for their client's machine, providing only the electrical, Internet access, and storage facilities for the server.
   
7. Clustered hosting: having multiple servers hosting the same content for better resource utilization.

Synaptic is a graphical user interface (GUI) for managing software packages on Debian-based distributions. If you are using Debian or Ubuntu you will easily find Synaptic in the System Tools menu or in the Administration menu. Synaptic uses the GTK graphic libraries . So, if you are using GNOME on your debian-based distro you will probably have Synaptic installed as well. Synaptic is a graphical package management program for apt. It provides the same features as the apt-get command line utility with a GUI front-end based on Gtk+.

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Like dd, dd_rescue does copy data from one file or block device to another.dd_rescue is a tool to help you to save data from crashed partition. It tries to read and if it fails, it will go on with the next sectors where tools like dd will fail. If the copying process is interrupted by the user it is possible to continue at any position later. It can copy backwards.

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initrd in Fedora Core 6 is a gzipped cpio archive which can be extracted using:

I have recently upgraded Fedora Core 2 to Fedora Core 3 using Yum. The steps are outlined below:

1. Import the Fedora RPM-GPG-KEY if not done so already.
   
   # rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora

2. Force install fedora-release and yum rpms of Fedora Core 3.
   
   # wget http://download.fedoralegacy.org/fedora/3/os/i386/fedora-release-3-8.i386.rpm
# wget http://download.fedoralegacy.org/fedora/3/os/i386/yum-2.1.11-3.noarch.rpm
# rpm -Uvh --force fedora-release*.rpm yum*.rpm
3. Install FC3 kernel. This should also update mkinitrd as a dependency of the kernel.
   
   # yum update kernel
4. Set lilo to use the FC3 kernel prior to rebooting.
   
   # lilo -v -v
# lilo -R 2.6.12-1.1381_FC3
5. Remove any old existing kernels.
   
   # yum remove kernel-2.4*
6. Continue with the upgrade.
   
   # yum upgrade
7. If you get any "Dependency Errors", the mentioned packages needs to be removed prior to a successful yum upgrade.
   

8. Reboot once the upgrade is successful.

After reading much about and seeing screen-captures of the new Fedora Core 6, I decided to upgrade to it. Unfortunately, when FC6 booted up nothing mentioned or shown in the reviews came up by default. I had to go around finding out what was missing and installing the applications that would have otherwise been installed by default (if it were a new install instead of an upgrade).

Here is a quick recap of what I did:

Ohloh collects software metrics from a variety of sources including the project’s source code and the software development infrastructure used by the project’s development team and analyzes it to produce very interesting reports such as PHP Eats Rails for Breakfast.

Regenerate sendmail config:

Regenerate access file:

Generate new aliases: