One liner with grep to extract the IP addresses from a file.
grep -Eo '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}' /path/to/file
The "-o" option prints only the matched parts.
One liner with perl:
perl -ne 'print if s/.*((\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}).*/\1/' /path/to/file
Extract "to", "from" and "ctladdr" emails from maillog
Grep using "-P", Perl regexp so the non-greedy ".*?" expression works:
grep -Po '(to|from|ctladdr)=<.*?>' /var/log/maillog