The -b switch instructs sendmail to "Become"/operate in a mode.
The -d0 switch, instructs sendmail to produce debugging information.
The level .11 prints more information than the default level of .1 .
The -bp switch instructs sendmail to print the contents of the queue.
$ sendmail -d0.11 -bp
You can verify aliases with the -bv switch:
$ sendmail -bv root
To run sendmail verbosely, use the -v switch:
$ cat /dev/null | sendmail -v root
sendmail host name lookup failure
Check that sendmail resolves corresponding dns with:
echo "/mx smtp.domain.tld." | sendmail -bt -d8.8
echo "/map host smtp.domain.tld." | sendmail -bt -d8.8
If using SMART_HOST which does not resolve or has no MX record, then make sure to include the host/IP with square brackets and sendmail will not try to do a dns lookup, else you would get "host name lookup failure" in maillog.
In "sendmail.mc":
define(`SMART_HOST', `[smtp.domain.tld]')dnl
Apply the config:
m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
Restart Sendmail:
service sendmail restart